What are the chemicals in mount Nyiragongo that make it erupt? Since 1884 till 2002 this volcano has been erupting throughout nearly each year in between. What makes the volcano erupt is co2 and so2, which is in the lava. Co2 is the first type of dioxide that is used, also known as Carbon Dioxide. It is made of carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. You will find these atoms in carbonate rocks. (carbonate rocks look similar and have similar chemicals as limestone). so2 is the second ingredient that can make this volcano explode! The full name for this chemical is ‘Sulfur Dioxide’. Sulfur, is a British name. It burns with a blue flame. This gas is a strong and toxic gas. The smell of this gas is a quite irritating and gruesome sent. This is released naturally by volcanic activity. So2 was also used by Romans due to wine making.